{ "reviewed": "2026-11-07", "states": [ { "slug": "alabama", "name": "Alabama", "abbr": "AL", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Alabama Department of Insurance, Auto Insurance FAQ", "source_url": "https://aldoi.gov/Consumers/AutoFAQ.aspx", "source_cite": "Alabama DOI consumer FAQ (opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "alaska", "name": "Alaska", "abbr": "AK", "verified": true, "bi_person": 50000, "bi_accident": 100000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "AS 28.22.101(e) requires uninsured/underinsured motorist coverage in the same dollar amounts as the liability limits in (d).", "uim_required": true, "uim_note": "AS 28.22.101(e) pairs UIM with UM at the same statutory dollar amounts as liability.", "source_title": "Alaska DMV, Mandatory Insurance, and AS 28.22.101", "source_url": "https://dmv.alaska.gov/driver-services-adjudication/mandatory-insurance/", "source_cite": "Alaska DMV Mandatory Insurance page (opened 2026-11-07): $50,000/$100,000 BI and $25,000 PD, citing AS 28.22.101. Cross-checked against AS 28.22.101(d) text published in the 2025 compiled edition." }, { "slug": "arizona", "name": "Arizona", "abbr": "AZ", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 15000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Arizona Revised Statutes § 28-4009", "source_url": "https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/04009.htm", "source_cite": "A.R.S. § 28-4009 (policies issued or renewed beginning July 1, 2020)" }, { "slug": "arkansas", "name": "Arkansas", "abbr": "AR", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Arkansas Code § 27-22-104 (2025)", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/arkansas/title-27/subtitle-2/chapter-22/subchapter-1/section-27-22-104/", "source_cite": "Ark. Code § 27-22-104 (2025 Arkansas Code reprint; history includes 2025 Act 345)" }, { "slug": "california", "name": "California", "abbr": "CA", "verified": true, "bi_person": 30000, "bi_accident": 60000, "pd": 15000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "California DMV, Insurance Requirements, and Vehicle Code § 16056", "source_url": "https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/vehicle-registration/insurance-requirements/", "source_cite": "California DMV insurance-requirements page and Veh. Code § 16056 (policies issued or renewed on or after January 1, 2025)" }, { "slug": "colorado", "name": "Colorado", "abbr": "CO", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 15000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": true, "medpay_amount": 5000, "medpay_note": "$5,000 medical payments coverage is included unless the named insured rejects it in writing.", "um_required": true, "um_note": "UM/UIM is included unless the named insured rejects it in writing.", "uim_required": true, "uim_note": "UIM is included unless rejected in writing.", "source_title": "Colorado Division of Insurance, Auto Insurance, and Colorado General Assembly overview", "source_url": "https://doi.colorado.gov/types-of-insurance/auto-insurance", "source_cite": "Colorado DOI auto-insurance page and Colorado General Assembly 'Mandatory automobile insurance in Colorado' (opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "connecticut", "name": "Connecticut", "abbr": "CT", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "Connecticut requires uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage under C.G.S. § 38a-336. This review did not extract a separate dollar figure from that section, so the calculator does not display a CT UM dollar amount.", "uim_required": true, "uim_note": "See C.G.S. § 38a-336; dollar amount not independently extracted in this review.", "source_title": "Connecticut General Statutes §§ 14-112 and 38a-371", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/connecticut/title-14/chapter-246/section-14-112/", "source_cite": "C.G.S. § 14-112 (2025 reprint; P.A. 17-114 applied the 25/50/25 amounts to automobile liability policies on or after January 1, 2018) and C.G.S. § 38a-371 (mandatory security for registered private-passenger vehicles)" }, { "slug": "delaware", "name": "Delaware", "abbr": "DE", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 10000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "Delaware requires first-party personal injury protection in addition to residual liability.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": 15000, "pip_note": "Minimum PIP is $15,000 for any one person and $30,000 for all persons injured in any one accident (21 Del. C. § 2118(a)(2)). Those benefits cover reasonable medical and related expenses, lost earnings, and certain extra expenses incurred within two years of the crash, subject to the statute.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "21 Delaware Code §§ 2118 and 2902 (2025)", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/delaware/title-21/chapter-29/subchapter-i/section-2902/", "source_cite": "21 Del. C. § 2902 (liability policy limits 25/50/10) and 21 Del. C. § 2118 (required insurance, including PIP 15,000/30,000)" }, { "slug": "district-of-columbia", "name": "District of Columbia", "abbr": "DC", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 10000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "Personal injury protection must be offered but is optional for the consumer (D.C. Code § 31-2406).", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "Required UM bodily-injury coverage of 25/50 and UM property-damage coverage of $5,000 (subject to a $200 deductible) under D.C. Code § 31-2406.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "D.C. Code § 31-2406", "source_url": "https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/31-2406", "source_cite": "D.C. Code § 31-2406 (opened 2026-11-07). Pending D.C. Law 26-155 is scheduled for October 1, 2027 and is not used here." }, { "slug": "florida", "name": "Florida", "abbr": "FL", "verified": true, "bi_person": null, "bi_accident": null, "pd": 10000, "bi_required": false, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "Florida is a no-fault state. Personal injury protection is required; bodily-injury liability is not generally required of private-passenger owners.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": 10000, "pip_note": "PIP medical and disability benefits of $10,000 plus a $5,000 death benefit (Fla. Stat. § 627.736, 2026). PIP pays your own injuries first-party; it is not a substitute for the other person's bodily-injury liability claim against you.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Florida Statutes §§ 324.022 and 627.736 (2026) and DFS personal automobile overview", "source_url": "https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2026/324.022", "source_cite": "Fla. Stat. § 324.022 (2026) (property damage $10,000) and Fla. Stat. § 627.736 (2026) (PIP $10,000 medical/disability and $5,000 death)" }, { "slug": "georgia", "name": "Georgia", "abbr": "GA", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Georgia Office of Commissioner of Insurance, Auto insurance resources", "source_url": "https://oci.georgia.gov/insurance-resources/auto", "source_cite": "Georgia OCI auto insurance resources page (opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "hawaii", "name": "Hawaii", "abbr": "HI", "verified": true, "bi_person": 40000, "bi_accident": 80000, "pd": 20000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "Hawaii requires personal injury protection (no-fault) benefits in addition to residual liability.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": 10000, "pip_note": "Personal injury protection of at least $10,000 (Hawaii DCCA Auto Minimum Limits FAQ, January 2026, and HRS § 431:10C-301).", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "Uninsured-motorist coverage must be offered and may be rejected in writing.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Hawaii Revised Statutes § 431:10C-301 and DCCA Auto Minimum Limits FAQ (January 2026)", "source_url": "https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol09_Ch0431-0435H/HRS0431/HRS_0431-0010C-0301.htm", "source_cite": "HRS § 431:10C-301 (am L 2024, c 138) and official DCCA FAQ https://cca.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2026/01/Auto-Minimum-Limits-FAQs.pdf" }, { "slug": "idaho", "name": "Idaho", "abbr": "ID", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 15000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "UM/UIM must be offered and may be rejected in writing.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "UM/UIM must be offered and may be rejected in writing.", "source_title": "Idaho Department of Insurance, Required auto coverage", "source_url": "https://doi.idaho.gov/consumers/auto-insurance/required-auto-coverage/", "source_cite": "Idaho DOI required-auto-coverage page (opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "illinois", "name": "Illinois", "abbr": "IL", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 20000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "Uninsured-motorist bodily-injury coverage of at least 25/50 is required (Illinois DOI Auto Insurance Shopping Guide; 625 ILCS 5/7-203 and 5/7-601).", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Illinois Department of Insurance, Auto Insurance Shopping Guide", "source_url": "https://idoi.illinois.gov/consumers/consumerinsurance/auto-insurance-shopping-guide.html", "source_cite": "Illinois DOI Auto Insurance Shopping Guide citing 625 ILCS 5/7-203 and 5/7-601 (opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "indiana", "name": "Indiana", "abbr": "IN", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Indiana Code § 9-25-4-5 (2026)", "source_url": "https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/title_9/article_25/chapter_4", "source_cite": "IC 9-25-4-5 (Indiana Code 2026 official text): $25,000 per person, $50,000 per accident for bodily injury, and $25,000 for property damage (property-damage minimum rose from $10,000 beginning July 1, 2018)" }, { "slug": "iowa", "name": "Iowa", "abbr": "IA", "verified": true, "bi_person": 20000, "bi_accident": 40000, "pd": 15000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Iowa Code § 321A.21 (2026 official PDF)", "source_url": "https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321A.21.pdf", "source_cite": "Iowa Code § 321A.21 (2026 official PDF opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "kansas", "name": "Kansas", "abbr": "KS", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "Kansas requires personal injury protection (PIP) benefits in addition to liability and UM/UIM.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": 4500, "pip_note": "Kansas PIP (from the official Kansas DOI Auto Insurance Shopper's Guide) includes medical expenses of $4,500 per person, disability of $900 per month for up to one year, substitution benefits of $25 per day, funeral expenses of $2,000, rehabilitation of $4,500, and survivor benefits. The calculator's $4,500 PIP figure is the medical-expense component used for a simple medical-bill comparison; other PIP pieces are not a single combined dollar cap.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "UM/UIM of 25/50 is required.", "uim_required": true, "uim_note": "UM/UIM of 25/50 is required.", "source_title": "Kansas Insurance Department, Auto Insurance Shopper's Guide", "source_url": "https://insurance.ks.gov/documents/department/publications/auto-shoppers-guide.pdf", "source_cite": "Kansas DOI Auto Insurance Shopper's Guide (official PDF opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "kentucky", "name": "Kentucky", "abbr": "KY", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "Kentucky requires basic reparation benefits (no-fault) as defined in KRS 304.39-020(2), in addition to residual tort liability.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "KRS 304.39-110 requires basic reparation benefits as defined in KRS 304.39-020(2). This review opened § 304.39-110 on the official LRC site but did not independently extract the current dollar figure from the definition section, so no Kentucky PIP dollar amount is shown.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Kentucky Revised Statutes § 304.39-110", "source_url": "https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=46758", "source_cite": "KRS 304.39-110 (official LRC page opened 2026-11-07): split limits 25/50/25 or a $60,000 single limit, plus basic reparation benefits. The 2017 property-damage increase applies to policies issued or renewed on or after January 1, 2018." }, { "slug": "louisiana", "name": "Louisiana", "abbr": "LA", "verified": true, "bi_person": 15000, "bi_accident": 30000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Louisiana Revised Statutes § 32:900 (2025)", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/louisiana/revised-statutes/title-32/rs-32-900/", "source_cite": "La. R.S. 32:900(B)(2) (2025 Louisiana Laws reprint): $15,000 / $30,000 / $25,000" }, { "slug": "maine", "name": "Maine", "abbr": "ME", "verified": true, "bi_person": 50000, "bi_accident": 100000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": true, "medpay_amount": 2000, "medpay_note": "Medical payments coverage of $2,000 is required.", "um_required": true, "um_note": "UM/UIM of 50/100 is required and must equal the liability limits if those limits are higher, unless rejected.", "uim_required": true, "uim_note": "UM/UIM must generally equal liability limits unless rejected.", "source_title": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, Insurance required by law", "source_url": "https://www.maine.gov/pfr/insurance/consumers/auto-insurance/insurance-required-by-law", "source_cite": "Maine Bureau of Insurance, Insurance required by law (opened 2026-11-07). A $125,000 combined single limit also satisfies the liability requirement." }, { "slug": "maryland", "name": "Maryland", "abbr": "MD", "verified": true, "bi_person": 30000, "bi_accident": 60000, "pd": 15000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "Maryland requires the personal-injury-protection benefits described in Insurance Article § 19-505 unless waived under § 19-506 or rejected under § 19-506.1. This review did not independently extract the current PIP dollar figure from § 19-505, so no Maryland PIP amount is displayed.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "Uninsured-motorist benefits required under Insurance Article § 19-509 or § 19-509.1.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Maryland Transportation Code § 17-103 (2025)", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/maryland/transportation/title-17/subtitle-1/section-17-103/", "source_cite": "Md. Code, Transp. § 17-103 (2025): security of $30,000/$60,000 for bodily injury or death and $15,000 for property damage, plus PIP (unless waived or rejected) and required UM benefits" }, { "slug": "massachusetts", "name": "Massachusetts", "abbr": "MA", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 30000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "Massachusetts is a no-fault state with compulsory personal injury protection.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": 8000, "pip_note": "Compulsory PIP of $8,000.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "Compulsory uninsured-motorist bodily-injury coverage of 25/50.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Massachusetts Division of Insurance, Basics of auto insurance", "source_url": "https://www.mass.gov/info-details/basics-of-auto-insurance", "source_cite": "Official mass.gov 'Basics of auto insurance' (describing compulsory coverages as of July 1, 2025): BI 25/50, PIP $8,000, UM 25/50, and property damage $30,000. Compulsory BI described as in-state; optional Additional BI extends out of state and covers passengers." }, { "slug": "michigan", "name": "Michigan", "abbr": "MI", "verified": true, "bi_person": 50000, "bi_accident": 100000, "pd": 10000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "Michigan is a no-fault state. Drivers choose a PIP medical limit (or, if they qualify, may opt out). In-state vehicle property damage is generally handled through property protection insurance rather than the residual PD limit.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "PIP is required, but Michigan lets drivers choose among statutory PIP medical limit options and some people may qualify to opt out. This calculator does not invent a single PIP dollar amount.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Michigan Department of Insurance and Financial Services, Choosing bodily injury coverage", "source_url": "https://www.michigan.gov/autoinsurance/choosing-coverage/choosing-bodily-injury-coverage", "source_cite": "Official michigan.gov auto-insurance page: lowest purchasable residual BI/PD is 50/100/10; default offered coverage is 250/500/10. Property-damage liability is described there as applying in another state because in-state vehicle property damage uses property protection insurance." }, { "slug": "minnesota", "name": "Minnesota", "abbr": "MN", "verified": true, "bi_person": 30000, "bi_accident": 60000, "pd": 10000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "Minnesota requires basic economic-loss (no-fault) benefits under Minn. Stat. § 65B.49.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "Basic economic-loss benefits are required (Minn. Stat. § 65B.49). The dollar breakdown lives in § 65B.44, which this review did not independently extract, so no Minnesota PIP dollar total is displayed.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "Separate uninsured-motorist coverage of at least 25/50 is required (Minn. Stat. § 65B.49).", "uim_required": true, "uim_note": "Separate underinsured-motorist coverage of at least 25/50 is required (Minn. Stat. § 65B.49).", "source_title": "Minnesota Statutes § 65B.49", "source_url": "https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/65B.49", "source_cite": "Minn. Stat. § 65B.49 (official Revisor's office): residual liability 30/60/10, mandatory basic economic-loss benefits, and separate UM and UIM each at least 25/50" }, { "slug": "mississippi", "name": "Mississippi", "abbr": "MS", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Mississippi Code § 63-15-3 (2025)", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/mississippi/title-63/chapter-15/section-63-15-3/", "source_cite": "Miss. Code § 63-15-3(j) (2025): proof of financial responsibility means $25,000 / $50,000 / $25,000" }, { "slug": "missouri", "name": "Missouri", "abbr": "MO", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "Missouri addresses uninsured-motorist coverage in § 379.203 (cross-referenced from § 303.190). This review did not independently extract the current UM dollar figure from § 379.203, so no Missouri UM amount is displayed.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Missouri Revised Statutes § 303.190 (2025)", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/missouri/title-xix/chapter-303/section-303-190/", "source_cite": "Mo. Rev. Stat. § 303.190 (effective July 1, 2019; 2025 reprint): owner's policy minimums of $25,000 / $50,000 / $25,000" }, { "slug": "montana", "name": "Montana", "abbr": "MT", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 20000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Montana Commissioner of Securities and Insurance, Auto insurance", "source_url": "https://csimt.gov/your-insurance/auto/", "source_cite": "Montana CSI auto insurance consumer page (opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "nebraska", "name": "Nebraska", "abbr": "NE", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Nebraska Revised Statute § 60-310 (automobile liability policy)", "source_url": "https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=60-310", "source_cite": "Neb. Rev. Stat. § 60-310 (official Nebraska Legislature text opened 2026-11-07): $25,000 / $50,000 / $25,000. Corroborated by the Nebraska Department of Insurance auto-coverage page." }, { "slug": "nevada", "name": "Nevada", "abbr": "NV", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 20000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Nevada Revised Statutes § 485.185", "source_url": "https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/NRS-485.html#NRS485Sec185", "source_cite": "NRS 485.185 (official Nevada Legislature text opened 2026-11-07): $25,000 / $50,000 / $20,000. NRS 485.3091 repeats the same policy limits." }, { "slug": "new-hampshire", "name": "New Hampshire", "abbr": "NH", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": false, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "New Hampshire RSA 259:61 (Motor vehicle liability policy)", "source_url": "https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XXI/259/259-61.htm", "source_cite": "RSA 259:61 (official General Court text opened 2026-11-07): a motor-vehicle liability policy must provide at least 25/50/25. New Hampshire does not require every driver to buy a policy before driving." }, { "slug": "new-jersey", "name": "New Jersey", "abbr": "NJ", "verified": true, "bi_person": 35000, "bi_accident": 70000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "New Jersey is a choice no-fault state. The Standard Policy, which most drivers buy, includes personal injury protection. A Basic Policy is a separate, more limited option.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": 15000, "pip_note": "Standard Policy PIP may be as low as $15,000, with $250,000 available for certain catastrophic injuries. The calculator uses $15,000 as the lowest Standard Policy PIP figure from DOBI. The Basic Policy is different and is not the default used here.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "UM/UIM is available up to the liability limits on a Standard Policy and is not included on a Basic Policy.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "New Jersey DOBI Standard Policy page and MVC insurance requirements", "source_url": "https://www.nj.gov/dobi/division_consumers/insurance/standardpolicy.html", "source_cite": "NJ DOBI Standard Policy page (BI as low as 35/70, PD $25,000, PIP as low as $15,000) and MVC https://www.nj.gov/mvc/vehicles/insurancerequirements.htm" }, { "slug": "new-mexico", "name": "New Mexico", "abbr": "NM", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 10000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "New Mexico MVD, What automobile insurance am I required to have?", "source_url": "https://www.mvd.newmexico.gov/what-automobile-insurance-am-i-required-to-have-in-new-mexico/", "source_cite": "New Mexico MVD required-insurance page (opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "new-york", "name": "New York", "abbr": "NY", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 10000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "New York is a no-fault state. A serious-injury threshold applies to most non-economic tort claims.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": 50000, "pip_note": "No-fault / personal injury protection of $50,000.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "Uninsured-motorist coverage at the same minimum limits as liability.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "New York Department of Financial Services, How much auto insurance must I carry?", "source_url": "https://www.dfs.ny.gov/faqs/consumer-auto/how-much-auto-insurance-must-i-carry", "source_cite": "NY DFS consumer FAQs (opened 2026-11-07): 25/50/10 liability, $50,000 no-fault, and UM at the same minimums. DFS pages opened in this review did not state extra 50/100 wrongful-death limits, so those figures are not published here." }, { "slug": "north-carolina", "name": "North Carolina", "abbr": "NC", "verified": true, "bi_person": 50000, "bi_accident": 100000, "pd": 50000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": true, "uim_note": "Underinsured-motorist coverage is included on policies that are new or renewed on or after July 1, 2025, according to the North Carolina Department of Insurance.", "source_title": "North Carolina Department of Insurance, Automobile insurance changes effective July 1, 2025", "source_url": "https://www.ncdoi.gov/changes-rating-automobile-insurance-policies-effective-july-1-2025", "source_cite": "NCDOI pages on the July 1, 2025 automobile changes and the July 22, 2026 consumer blog. Policies new or renewed on or after July 1, 2025, must meet 50/100/50 (previously 30/60/25). Ignore any stale Spanish-language DOI page that still lists 30/60/25." }, { "slug": "north-dakota", "name": "North Dakota", "abbr": "ND", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "no-fault", "system_note": "North Dakota requires basic no-fault benefits.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": 30000, "pip_note": "Basic no-fault benefits of $30,000 per person.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "Uninsured-motorist coverage of 25/50 is required.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "North Dakota Insurance Department, Auto insurance", "source_url": "https://www.insurance.nd.gov/consumers/insurance/auto", "source_cite": "North Dakota Insurance Department auto consumer page (opened 2026-11-07): 25/50/25 liability, UM 25/50, and basic no-fault of $30,000 per person" }, { "slug": "ohio", "name": "Ohio", "abbr": "OH", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Ohio Revised Code § 4509.51", "source_url": "https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4509.51", "source_cite": "R.C. 4509.51 (official Ohio codes site; effective December 22, 2013, still the current text opened in this review)" }, { "slug": "oklahoma", "name": "Oklahoma", "abbr": "OK", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Oklahoma Statutes § 47-7-324 (2025)", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/oklahoma/title-47/section-47-7-324/", "source_cite": "47 O.S. § 7-324 (2025 Oklahoma Statutes reprint): owner's policy minimums of $25,000 / $50,000 / $25,000" }, { "slug": "oregon", "name": "Oregon", "abbr": "OR", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 20000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "Oregon also requires personal injury protection (ORS 742.520) and UM/UIM (ORS 742.502). This review confirmed the 25/50/20 liability figures in ORS 806.070 but did not independently extract the current PIP or UM dollar amounts, so those extra dollars are not displayed.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "UM/UIM is required (ORS 742.502); dollar amount not independently extracted in this review.", "uim_required": true, "uim_note": "See ORS 742.502; dollar amount not independently extracted in this review.", "source_title": "Oregon Revised Statutes § 806.070", "source_url": "https://oregon.public.law/statutes/ors_806.070", "source_cite": "ORS 806.070 (future financial responsibility filing amounts; source traces to oregonlegislature.gov): $25,000 / $50,000 / $20,000" }, { "slug": "pennsylvania", "name": "Pennsylvania", "abbr": "PA", "verified": true, "bi_person": 15000, "bi_accident": 30000, "pd": 5000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "choice", "system_note": "Pennsylvania is a choice no-fault / limited-tort state. First-party medical coverage is required; drivers also choose limited tort or full tort.", "pip_required": true, "pip_amount": 5000, "pip_note": "First-party medical benefits of at least $5,000.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Pennsylvania Insurance Department, Auto insurance", "source_url": "https://www.pa.gov/agencies/insurance/consumer-help-center/learn-about-insurance/auto-insurance", "source_cite": "Official pa.gov Insurance Department auto page: 15/30/5 liability, or a $35,000 combined single limit, plus first-party medical benefits of at least $5,000" }, { "slug": "rhode-island", "name": "Rhode Island", "abbr": "RI", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Rhode Island General Laws § 31-47-2 (2025)", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/rhode-island/title-31/chapter-31-47/section-31-47-2/", "source_cite": "R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-47-2(13) (2025): owner's policy minimums of $25,000 / $50,000 / $25,000, or a $75,000 combined single limit" }, { "slug": "south-carolina", "name": "South Carolina", "abbr": "SC", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "S.C. Code § 38-77-144 states that personal injury protection is not mandated under South Carolina automobile insurance laws.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "Uninsured-motorist coverage must be at least the § 38-77-140 liability minimums, plus at least $25,000 for injury to or destruction of the insured's property in any one accident (optional $200 exclusion) (S.C. Code § 38-77-150).", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "Insurers must offer underinsured-motorist coverage up to the insured's liability limits (S.C. Code § 38-77-160).", "source_title": "South Carolina Code § 38-77-140 (official South Carolina Legislature)", "source_url": "https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t38c077.php", "source_cite": "S.C. Code § 38-77-140 (official SC Statehouse code, opened 2026-11-07): 25/50/25. UM at those minimums plus UM property damage of $25,000 (§ 38-77-150). PIP is not mandated (§ 38-77-144)." }, { "slug": "south-dakota", "name": "South Dakota", "abbr": "SD", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "South Dakota Codified Laws § 32-35-70", "source_url": "https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-35-70", "source_cite": "SDCL 32-35-70 (official South Dakota Legislature)" }, { "slug": "tennessee", "name": "Tennessee", "abbr": "TN", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Tennessee Department of Revenue, Drive Insured Tennessee", "source_url": "https://www.tn.gov/revenue/title-and-registration/drive-insured-tennessee/why-you-should-have-insurance.html", "source_cite": "Official tn.gov Drive Insured Tennessee page (opened 2026-11-07): 25/50/25. Do not use older unofficial tables that still list Tennessee property damage as $15,000." }, { "slug": "texas", "name": "Texas", "abbr": "TX", "verified": true, "bi_person": 30000, "bi_accident": 60000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "Personal injury protection is included unless the named insured rejects it in writing.", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "UM/UIM must be offered and may be rejected in writing.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "UM/UIM must be offered and may be rejected in writing.", "source_title": "Texas Department of Insurance, A consumer's guide to auto insurance (cb020)", "source_url": "https://www.tdi.texas.gov/pubs/consumer/cb020.html", "source_cite": "Texas DOI publication cb020 (page updated December 11, 2025; opened 2026-11-07): minimum liability 30/60/25" }, { "slug": "utah", "name": "Utah", "abbr": "UT", "verified": true, "bi_person": 30000, "bi_accident": 65000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Utah Code § 31A-22-304 (2025)", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/utah/title-31a/chapter-22/part-3/section-304/", "source_cite": "Utah Code § 31A-22-304 (2025 Utah Code reprint): policies issued or renewed on or after January 1, 2025, may not limit motor-vehicle liability below $30,000 / $65,000 / $25,000 (or a $90,000 single limit). Policies issued or renewed on or before December 31, 2024, used $25,000 / $65,000 / $15,000. A special lower floor still applies to certain self-insured private rental fleets." }, { "slug": "vermont", "name": "Vermont", "abbr": "VT", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 10000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Vermont Department of Financial Regulation, Auto insurance", "source_url": "https://dfr.vermont.gov/consumers/explore-insurance/auto", "source_cite": "Vermont DFR auto insurance consumer page (SR-22 section states the state liability limits; opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "virginia", "name": "Virginia", "abbr": "VA", "verified": true, "bi_person": 50000, "bi_accident": 100000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": true, "um_note": "UM/UIM is required and matches the 50/100/25 liability minimums (Virginia SCC auto guide, as summarized with the DMV insurance-requirements page).", "uim_required": true, "uim_note": "UM/UIM required matching 50/100/25.", "source_title": "Virginia DMV, Insurance requirements, and Va. Code § 46.2-472", "source_url": "https://www.dmv.virginia.gov/vehicles/insurance-requirements", "source_cite": "Virginia DMV insurance-requirements page and Va. Code § 46.2-472: 50/100/25 for policies effective on or after January 1, 2025 (previously 30/60/20 through December 31, 2024). Drivers must certify insurance to obtain plates." }, { "slug": "washington", "name": "Washington", "abbr": "WA", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 10000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Washington State Department of Licensing, Mandatory insurance, citing RCW 46.29.090", "source_url": "https://dol.wa.gov/driver-licenses-and-permits/mandatory-insurance", "source_cite": "Washington DOL mandatory-insurance page citing RCW 46.29.090 (opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "west-virginia", "name": "West Virginia", "abbr": "WV", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 25000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "West Virginia DMV, Consumer insurance information", "source_url": "https://dmv.wv.gov/consumer-insurance-information", "source_cite": "West Virginia DMV consumer insurance information page (opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "wisconsin", "name": "Wisconsin", "abbr": "WI", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 10000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "Medical-payments coverage must be offered; if elected, the minimum is $1,000.", "um_required": true, "um_note": "Uninsured-motorist coverage of 25/50 is required.", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "Underinsured-motorist coverage is not mandatory. Insurers must provide notice; if the insured requests UIM, the minimum is 50/100.", "source_title": "Wisconsin OCI Fact Sheet PI-233", "source_url": "https://oci.wi.gov/Pages/Consumers/PI-233.aspx", "source_cite": "Wisconsin Office of the Commissioner of Insurance Fact Sheet PI-233 (last updated August 3, 2026; opened 2026-11-07)" }, { "slug": "wyoming", "name": "Wyoming", "abbr": "WY", "verified": true, "bi_person": 25000, "bi_accident": 50000, "pd": 20000, "bi_required": true, "pd_required": true, "insurance_mandatory": true, "system": "tort", "system_note": "", "pip_required": false, "pip_amount": null, "pip_note": "", "medpay_required": false, "medpay_amount": null, "medpay_note": "", "um_required": false, "um_note": "", "uim_required": false, "uim_note": "", "source_title": "Wyoming Statutes § 31-9-405 (2025)", "source_url": "https://law.justia.com/codes/wyoming/title-31/chapter-9/article-4/section-31-9-405/", "source_cite": "Wyo. Stat. § 31-9-405 (2025 Wyoming Statutes reprint): owner's liability policy minimums of $25,000 / $50,000 / $20,000" } ] }